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Posts Tagged ‘Pairing Correlation’

PhysLettB.683.134

January 18th, 2010 No comments

Title: Relativistic description of BCS–BEC crossover in nuclear matter

Author(s): Bao Yuan Sun, Hiroshi Toki, and Jie Meng

Source: Physics Letters B
Volume: 683  Issue: 2-3  Page: 134-139 Published: 18 January 2010

Keyword(s): Pairing correlation; Nuclear matter; Relativistic pairing theory; Bare nucleon–nucleon interaction; Di-neutron spatial correlation; BCS–BEC crossover
KeyWords Plus: MEAN-FIELD THEORY; NEUTRON DRIP-LINE; STATE PROPERTIES; HALO; LI-11; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPERFLUIDITY; HE-6; PAIR

History: Received 15 April 2009; revised 30 September 2009; accepted 11 November 2009; Available online 9 December 2009

DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.11.065

Abstract: We study theoretically the di-neutron spatial correlations and the crossover from superfluidity of neutron Cooper pairs in the 1S0 pairing channel to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of di-neutron pairs for both symmetric and neutron matter in the microscopic relativistic pairing theory. We take the bare nucleon-nucleon interaction Bonn-B in the particle-particle channel and the effective interaction PK1 of the relativistic mean-field approach in the particle-hole channel. It is found that the spatial structure of neutron Cooper pair wave function evolves continuously from BCS-type to BEC-type as density decreases. We see a strong concentration of the probability density revealed for the neutron pairs in the fairly small relative distance around 1.5 fm and the neutron Fermi momentum kFn is an element of [0.6, 1.0] fm-1. However, from the effective chemical potential and the quasiparticle excitation spectrum, there is no evidence for the appearance of a true BEC state of neutron pairs at any density. The most BEC-like state may appear at kFn – 0.2 fm-1 by examining the density correlation function. From the coherence length and the probability distribution of neutron Cooper pairs as well as the ratio between the neutron pairing gap and the kinetic energy at the Fermi surface, some features of the BCS-BEC crossover are seen in the density regions, 0.05 fm-1 < kFn < 0.7 (0.75) fm-1, for the symmetric nuclear (pure neutron) matter.

Relativistic description of BCS–BEC crossover in nuclear matter

Figure: A two-dimensional plot for the probability density r2pair(r)|2 of the neutron Cooper pairs as a function of the neutron Fermi momentum kFn and the relative distance r between the pair partners in symmetric nuclear matter.

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相对论核多体问题中的pp和ph相互作用能否统一

October 20th, 2009 1 comment

今早去院里拿回了寄来的《10000个科学难题∙物理学卷》,制作的很不错,就是有点沉,呵呵。去年4月就写稿件,到今年5月科学出版社出版,效率还是很高的。我和孟老师写的问题在757页,关于原子核系统对关联现象的,大家有兴趣的可以去看看,提点意见。书中印刷排版出现了错误,将参考文献[4](见下)遗漏了,有些郁闷。下面还是贴出全文,供大家方便审阅,希望我们一起来探讨解决问题。

Title: 相对论核多体问题中的pp和ph相互作用能否统一
Can One Unify the pp and ph Interaction in the Relativistic Nuclear Many-Body Problem

过去几十年中,平均场理论因其对许多核物理现象的成功描述引起了人们广泛的关注,其中包括基于Skyrme或Gogny有效相互作用的非相对论平均场理论以及基于有效介子交换的相对论平均场理论等[1-4]。

在相对论平均场理论的框架下,核子间的相互作用由介子和光子场交换提供,核子运动的平均场源自标量介子提供的标量势和矢量介子和光子提供的矢量势。利用有限的几个自由参数,如介子质量、介子-核子耦合常数等,相对论平均场理论在定量描述核物质、β稳定线附近的原子核以及远离β稳定线的丰中子或丰质子奇特核等核多体系统方面已经取得了很大的成功。同时,相对论平均场理论还自然地给出自旋-轨道耦合势,并基于相对论对称性解释了赝自旋对称性的起源,以及提出了反核子谱中可能存在的自旋对称性等。

为了解释偶偶核与奇A核之间系统的结合能差以及形变偶偶核的转动惯量系统地小于其邻近的奇A核转动惯量等实验结果,自20世纪50年代以来,原子核中的超流现象,或者说对关联效应,一直是核结构以及核物质研究中的重要课题[5]。1991年,Kucharek和Ring首次在相对论框架下研究了无限核物质中的超流性[6]。通过量子化介子场,他们导出了相对论的Hartree-Bogoliubov方程。但是,如果在粒子-粒子道(pp道)采用单玻色子交换势,则所得到的对称核物质中的对能隙比使用Gogny有效相互作用或者更为实际的Bonn势得到的结果要大3倍左右。因此,在包括对关联的相对论理论计算中,一般都采用非相对论框架下pp道的有效相互作用,如有限程的Gogny力或者Skyrme类型的零程对力等。特别是对于后者,由于其零程性质,可以将耦合的微分积分方程组简化为耦合的微分方程组,使得计算量大为减少。在恰当地考虑对关联和连续谱效应后,相对论的Hartree-Bogoliubov方程在对远离β稳定线的奇特核性质的描述方面取得了很大的成功[4]。

在相对论平均场计算中,核子在Hartree道由介子和光子场交换传递相互作用,然而相同的相互作用是否能用在pp道中是一个值得探讨的问题。事实上,在pp道中采用单玻色子交换势给出很大的对能隙的原因,可能来自高动量时的对相互作用矩阵元。相对论平均场模型的有效相互作用仅仅通过Hartree道的计算调试得到,也就是只考虑动量小于费米动量的核态。这样的有效相互作用外推到高动量时不一定适合。因此,相对论平均场计算中为了得到合理的对能隙值需要在动量空间采取人为的动量截断,或者考虑更多的其他效应,如介质极化,介质内介子质量减小,引入介子非线性项等,来减小核物质中的对能隙。

另外,目前大多数的相对论平均场计算只有Hartree道,没有Fock道。仅仅通过Hartree道的计算调试得到有效相互作用为了给出核物质和有限核的性质,可能高估了pp道中的单玻色子交换势。在非相对论情况下,通常需要求解的都是Hartree- Fock-Bogoliubov方程,即同时包括了粒子-空穴道(ph道)和pp道。与之对应,在相对论情况下,为了在pp和ph道使用相同的有效相互作用,除了Hartree道外,还有必要考虑Fock道[7]。这样,在求解相对论的Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov方程时,有望通过Hartree道、Fock道、以及Bogoliubov道计算进行调试,从而得到pp道和ph道的统一、自洽的相互作用。这是一个很有意思的问题,有望在未来几年之内找到答案。

参 考 文 献

[1] Walecka J D. Ann. Phys., 1994, 83: 491.
[2] Serot B D, Walecka J D. Adv. Nucl. Phys., 1986, 16: 1.
[3] Bender M, Heenen P H, Reinhard P G. Revs. Mod. Phys., 2003, 75: 121.
[4] Meng J, Toki H, Zhou S G, et al. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 2006, 57: 470.
[5] Bohr A, Mottelson B R, Pines D. Phys. Rev., 1958, 110: 936.
[6] Kucharek H, Ring P. Z. Phys. A, 1991, 339: 23.
[7] Long W H, Van Giai N, Meng J. Phys. Lett. B, 2006, 640: 150.

IntJModPhysE.17.1441

October 17th, 2008 1 comment

Title: PAIRING PROPERTIES OF SYMMETRIC NUCLEAR MATTER IN RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD THEORY

Author(s): J. Li, B. Y. Sun, and J. Meng

Source: International Journal of Modern Physics E (IJMPE)
Volume: 17  Issue: 8  Page: 1441-1452  Published: September 2008

Keyword(s): Pairing correction; relativistic Hartree–Bogoliubov theory; symmetric nuclear matter; effective pairing interaction
KeyWords Plus: HARTREE-BOGOLIUBOV THEORY; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; NEUTRON DRIP-LINE; PSEUDOSPIN SYMMETRY; EXOTIC NUCLEI; SUPERFLUIDITY; HALO

History: Received 4 June 2008

DOI: 10.1142/S0218301308010519

Abstract: The properties of pairing correlations in symmetric nuclear matter are studied in the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory with the effective interaction, PK1. Considering the well-known problem that the pairing gap at the Fermi surface calculated with RMF effective interactions is three times larger than that with the Gogny force, an effective factor in the particle–particle channel is introduced. For the RMF calculation with PK1, an effective factor of 0.76 gives a maximum pairing gap of 3.2 MeV at a Fermi momentum of 0.9 fm-1, which is consistent with the result with the Gogny force. Read more…